Understanding title documents is one of the most important parts of buying land in Nigeria. Here’s a simple explanation of the four most common ones: C of O, Governor’s Consent, Gazette, and Excision.
1. C of O (Certificate of Occupancy)
The Certificate of Occupancy is the highest land title any property can have.
It is issued by the state government to legally confirm ownership of land.
Key Features
- Shows the land is legally owned
- Valid for 99 years
- Provides strong security for banks and investors
2. Governor’s Consent
This is required when land that already has a C of O is being transferred to a new owner.
Key Features
- Confirms the government approves the transfer
- Needed when buying land from someone who already has a C of O
- Adds legal protection to your ownership
3. Gazette
A gazette is a publication that officially lists lands the Lagos State Government has excised (released back to communities).
Key Features
- Shows land is free from immediate government acquisition
- Very safe for residential investment
- Often cheaper than C of O land, but still safe
4. Excision
Excision is the process where the government releases a portion of land back to the original community.
Key Features
- Community-owned land legally recognized
- After excision, it may be published in a gazette
- Ideal for estate development and affordable land investment
Before buying any land, make sure you know the title document and verify it. Abundance Property Limited can guide you through verification and documentation to protect your investment.